Frizz starts when the hair's outer protective layer, known as the cuticle, becomes rough, raised or damaged. This makes it easier for moisture to move in and out of the hair unevenly, causing strands to swell, lose their smooth surface, and become difficult to control.
Several factors can contribute to frizz, including dryness, heat styling, chemical processing, humidity, and naturally high-porosity hair. Curly, coily, and color-treated hair are also more prone to frizz because their cuticles are typically more porous.
Styling products can help smooth frizz temporarily, but long-lasting frizz control starts with improving the condition of the hair and protecting it from humidity. The smoother and more sealed the cuticle, the less opportunity moisture has to disrupt your style.